A Review on the Geospatial Modeling of Air Pollution around Major Dumpsites in Lagos

Abstract

Air pollution from unmanaged dumpsites is an escalating environmental and health concern in rapidly urbanizing cities, particularly across sub-Saharan Africa. This review critically synthesizes geospatial methods used in modeling dumpsite-related air pollution, including interpolation techniques (Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbor), predictive tools (LandGEM, AERMOD), and satellite-based products such as MODIS aerosol optical depth. Emerging hybrid frameworks that integrate regression, GIS, and socio-environmental drivers are also discussed. Compared to localized ground measurements, these geospatial models enable more comprehensive spatial and temporal assessment of pollutant emissions. Findings from the reviewed studies consistently indicate elevated concentrations of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and landfill gases, with serious implications for respiratory, cardiovascular, and long-term health outcomes in nearby populations. Policy-oriented applications are emphasized, including enforcing buffer zones, modern landfill management, and integrated monitoring strategies. This review highlights both the progress and gaps in geospatial approaches for air pollution assessment, offering a foundation for improved environmental planning and public health protection.