Assessing Households Sanitation and Sewage Management Practices in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed households' sanitation and sewage management practices in Kaduna Metropolis. Published 
and unpublished literature on domestic sewage, Sanitation Chain and World Health Organisation (WHO) and 
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) reports were reviewed to form the study's conceptual framework. A sample 
size of 1,874 houses was drawn from a sample frame of 88,621 homes representing the city core, North, South, 
East and western sectors of the metropolis. The systematic sampling technique was used to collect primary 
household data using a questionnaire and filling out the checklist. Cross tabulations were used to analyse data, 
while pictures expressed additional facts and discussion of results was in prose. The variables assessed were 
derived from the WHO, UNICEF and JMP 2018 SDG monitoring template for water sanitation and hygiene. The 
study ascertained that most (52.9%) households use water closets. The majority (61.2%) do not share a toilet, yet, 
not open defecation free. Toilets (81.1%) are built with cement blocks, 89.4% have roofs, 84.5% have lockable 
doors, 72.5% of pit latrines have no covers, 53.8% use water and soap as hand washing and cleansing material, 
containments are 72.2% offset link to toilets, with most (40.7%) horizontal buffer of < 15mto water source. Most 
(89%) households use motorised methods to empty filled pits. Recommendations include public education and 
enlightenment on appropriate practice, establishing an abatement committee to combat emerging open 
defecation, creating biogas plants for alternative energy, and securing hot spots for Open Defecation (OD) forms.